Unfortunately this condition was quite characteristic for Russia in those days. Anyone was constantly at the mercy of the police. In addition pogroms must have been on the mind of all Jewish people at all times.

Due to these conditions, Jewish people outside Russia refused to buy Russian bonds. The famous banker, Mr. Schiff, senior partner of Kuhn Loeb in New York turned away very profitable business as long as Russia was involved.

Grandfather Frederick (Fritz) Tuchmann and Granduncle Ernst Tuchmann outlived their brothers by many years.

The first to die was Martin who passed away at the age of 29; he was not married.

Grand Uncle Heinrich died in 1891, only 45 years of age. He was married to a first cousin, Marie Hopf whose father was also in the hop business. It is a coincidence that a sister of Marie, Claerchen, married Philip Tuchmann, also a relative and a hop dealer.

Other marriages took place between the children of hop dealers. However in a way this is not surprising as these families came from Markt Uehlfeld, knew each other well and met often. Besides, the hop business was not as competitive as it may be today. There was room for all though of course a certain rivalry always existed. One lady was the mother of a daughter who was married to a hop dealer, while her husband and son owned another firm and her father and brother were partners in a third firm. However they all got along fairly well.

Joseph Tuchmann died in 1892 at the age of 59. He is the only brother besides grandfather Frederick who left two sons in the firm, Max Joseph and Richard.

The Handelsregister (Register of Commercial firms) shows that only grandfather and these two nephews were partners in 1901. Grand Uncle Ernst's name does not appear though he exercised considerable Influence. The reason may be that he was Stadtrat, Landrat and Magistratsrat1. Besides he built his house in the Marienstrasse, a large house on Josephsplatz and another house at Gleisbuehlstrasse 13 which later Grandfather bought to live in.

Grand‐Uncle Ernst left only one son, George, who had to be declared incompetent. Friedrich also left a huge Will which was as big as a book. It was the law that a Will had to be read by a public official and the reading would have taken many hours. My father, executor and also one of the guardians of George Tuchmann, did not want to listen and left the room. Since no one was present except the public official the reading could be dispensed with.

The Will showed the great pain and the concern which Grand‐Uncle Ernst had for the future of his unfortunate son. Many paragraphs start with the words: "If the guardianship over my son George should become unnecessary..... " Unfortunately George Tuchmann died without any change in his mental condition.

As father and his brother Eugen entered the business Grandfather withdrew more and more from the duties of a partner. However, in 1914 when World War I broke out, both sons were drafted and grandfather did what he could to keep the firm going.