hops was forbidden by the police because of the fire hazard, but my father used it, but only secretly in boxes and baskets in which there were 10-20 pounds".

Franz Tuchmann added that, according to reports from his father and old hop trader, he believed that Marx Tuchmann was the inventor of hop sulfur preservation.

Moritz Tuchmann continues; "He was also very experienced in construction and under his direction the great synagogue in Ühlfeld was built in 1816, which was a model of technology, but which burned down in 1888 with all the books and a large part of the village, including my former house. One can get an idea of his intelligence and his forward‐looking endeavour and his sense of everything new by taking lessons in German writing only in his 40th year and having a great interest in newspapers and other German writings. In religious matters he was very free‐spirited and succeeded in hiring someone who was musical after the death of his Jewish predecessor, which also succeeded insofar as the newly hired teacher, Frankenburger, who also acted as a lead singer, performed the Jewish chants Recited notes. My father didn't miss anything in the shop or in the house, was extremely punctual, even anxious when paying when he received credit, and caused my two brothers to visit abroad to gain hops customers, which made him one of the most important hop traders in the area. In the area he was known under the name "Red Mordochai" because he had light, reddish shimmering hair and had more of a Christian than a Jewish physionomy. Both local residents and non‐residents, regardless of their confession, took advice from him, as he was very practical, especially in community matters or in the field and in new buildings, and it sometimes happened that he walked for hours without any claim to remuneration to advise, because it flattered him to be spoken to about it. In doing so, he often forgot about himself, and as is the case with such people, made many enemies, earned ingratitude and was always irritated as a result. How often did my clever mother wait for him in concern of such a favor, and how often was she right, but it was all in vain, because it was his nature to always create something, because he hated doing nothing. My father was of a very heated, argumentative nature, which anyone who has his picture will immediately recognize‐ But his cleverness is also shown in his sharp‐eyed eyes‐ He was bolt upright in his posture, extremely simple in his clothes: green leather pants with long boots and when he went into the field he usually wore a so‐called tiller or shovel under his arm and a blue apron around his body, like a real farmer of a higher class. Now I have described this remarkable man sufficiently and conclude with the addition that in 1850, at the age of 76‐77, he ended his life with a heartbeat". ‐

Now his will:

Market in Ühlfeld, September 2nd, 1849.

In accordance with the resolution passed this morning, the Land Commissioner mentioned above came here to the dwelling of the merchant Tuchmann in order to record his last will. He was found walking up and down the room in the lower living room of his house, dressed, and he is very well known to the court commissioner in person. From a conversation he had with him, they were convinced that he was in perfect use of reason and when asked, he confirms that he wants to put his will before the judge on record, and has therefore instructed Flour Master‐dealer Kalman Rosenfeld from here to summon a judicial commission. As to the matter itself, the testator Marx Tuchmann can be heard as follows: I live in my 2nd marriage with Miriam Tuchmann, born Engelmann. My first wife Rösel, a sister of Löw Sachs, died here, after hardly a year of marriage, without children. I had 10 children with my 2nd wife, 2 of whom died in early childhood. After careful consideration of all circumstances, I am now decreeing the following for my death: In addition to my wife Miriam Tuchmann, my children and resp. Grandchildren involved: