equal to him in education. Mathilde was an excellent housewife, a model of order, there was not a speck of dust in the house. Perhaps she was doing a little too much of a good thing in this. ‐ There are two daughters from this marriage. After Maier's death in 1878, Moritz took care of his brother's widow and his fatherly orphans and continued to run his sister‐in‐law Sofie as an equal partner in the business for many years. In 1907 Moritz suffered a severe heart condition with dropsy of the heart and on March 2, 1908, he breathed out his last breath, deeply mourned by his family. His wife, herself seriously ill, had cared for him self‐sacrificingly during his long illness. After his passing she collapsed physically and mentally and followed him in death a few weeks later. She died on June 26, 1908.

After Maier's death, the brother of the two women, Bernhard Eckstein, came into the business in Ulm and joined the company as a partner in 1881.

Helene Winkler was born on November 25, 1840 in Schnaittach and married at the age of twenty to the widower Elias Klopfer from Hürben, today's Krumbach. The first wife was a née Landauer from Hürben. She met three children at her marriage, the oldest of whom was 5, the youngest 3 years old. This youngest, a girl, later married the well‐known, now deceased Professor Grödel in Nauheim. Helene was a good mother to her husband's children, raised them excellently and cared for them like a natural mother until the end of their lives. This marriage produced an only son. Elias Klopfer had a wholesale business in cloth, cigars etc., which was moved to Augsburg in 1861. In 1870 it was transformed into a banking business, which developed into one of Augsburg's first banking houses under the leadership of the eldest son Benno and was transferred to Mitteldeutsche Creditbank Frankfurt'Berlin in 1919. Benno, who had in the meantime become a Kommerzienrat, was appointed to the Supervisory Board. Elias died on April 12, 1899, and Helene moved to Munich in 1901, where she succumbed to her severe heart condition on December 27, 1905.

Siegmund Winkler was born on December 3, 1842 in Schnaittach and died on March 3, 1909 in Ulm. He was unmarried and also lived in the Pflegehof plant, and worked in the business of his brothers.

The tribe of David and Ele carried branches and twigs over the years that spread throughout the world. The name "Winkler", however, has already expired in the generations. Only the Pflegehof in Ulm still runs the old company "Winkler". The current owners, Bernhard and Hugo Edestein, have completely reorganized the company and brought their business to bloom. A few years ago they donated a plaque for the house with the name on it

"Maier Winkler malt manufacturer 1861"

is chiseled in for all time.

Mr. Benno Salmonsen related the following incidents, which can serve as an addendum to Ms. Stahl's remarks: "Fanny Winkler was married to Nehemia (Nem) Salmonsen from Copenhagen, who probably comes from a Portuguese (Sephardic) family. He lost his parents at an early age, was raised by his grandfather, who was a rabbi in private, and was also supposed to become a rabbi. However, he did not embark on this career, but traveled through many countries as a kind of supercargo. So he came to Hamburg at the end of the 1840s and worked there in the tobacco industry. By chance he saved a Bavarian officer who had come to Altona during the Schleswig‐Holstein war and who later invited him to Nuremberg. There he met his brother‐in‐law, the tobacco manufacturer Krager. This held him back in Nuremberg and made him head of his tobacco factory, which also had agencies in petroleum, coffee and other American imported goods. After Krager's death, Nem Salmonsen took over the business completely, married in 1864 and took over part of the Winklers hops business.